ABSTRACT
Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor linking in the direction of the progression of ischemic heart diseases, which is measured to be the chief principal reason of international morbidity and mortality. Numerous lessons seeming for substitute treatments include attempted herbal medicine for reducing the expansion of ischemic heart and vascular diseases. Along with herbs with hypolipidemic actions were garlic, garcinia cambogia, gum guggul and others plants. Garcinia cambogia is an herbal agent found in different fruit plants inhibit lipid synthesis via its active materials hydroxycitric acid that inhibit cytoplasmic adenosine triphosphate-dependent citrate lyase, which responsible for hepatic lipogenesis in dose dependent manner. Thus, the objective of this experimental research was for elucidation the potential combined effects of atorvastatin and garcinia cambogia resting on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients. Methods: A total of 25 hyperlipidemic patients enrolled in this clinical trial under scientific approval committee and spoken consent taken from all patients. Five patients were withdrawn from this study due to incompliance so, only 20 patients (12 males + 8 females) continue this clinical trial. All patients not took any medications through 2 weeks and all non-diabetic or hypertensive with age ranged 45-65 years. The patients divided into two groups: Group A: 10 patients (4 females + 6 males) take atorvastatin 40/day. Group B: 10 patients (6 males + 4 females) take atorvastatin 40/day + garcinia cambogia 500/day. The duration of treatment was 8 weeks, and baseline lipid profile measurements were done and regarded as control. Results: The atorvastatin effects during 8 weeks treatment at dose of 40 mg/day produced significant effects on all lipid profile p < 0.05, mainly on serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and less significant effects on atherogenic index (AI), triglyceride and very LDL (VLDL). While garcinia cambogia produced significant reductions in serum lipid and improve other lipid parameters, garcinia cambogia 500 mg/day significantly improve serum cholesterol, VLDL, and LDL p < 0.05 but produced insignificant effect on high-density lipoprotein and AI p >0.05. The combined effects of garcinia cambogia 500 mg/day and atorvastatin 40 mg/day showed significant effects on all lipid profiles and AI p < 0.05. Conclusion: This study scrutinizes the value of garcinia cambogia in treatment of hyperlipidemia alone or in combination with atorvastatin. It produced significant additive effect with atorvastatin and hence atorvastatine doses can be reduced and substituted with garcinia cambogia for reduction serious atorvastatin associated adverse effects.
ABSTRACT
Background: From the history of the development of pharmaceutical compounds it is evident that any drug may have the possibility of possessing diverse functions and thus may have useful activity in completely different fields of medicine and different studies showed that newer antimicrobials have revealed antimicrobial action involved in the management of diseases of non-infectious etiology. This study was done to determine in vitro antibacterial activity of selected selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Methods: Twenty two strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria, which were isolated from skin and urinary tract infected patient. These bacteria were being cultured on specific optimal growth media. The antibacterial activity of selective COX-2 (meloxicam, celecoxib, valdecoxib and nimesulide). Inhibitors determined by measuring zone of inhibition and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: Results showed that MIC of celecoxib and meloxicam in μg/ml was ranged from 5-80μg/ml on selected bacteria compared with negative control distilled water (D.W) ,valdecoxib was 80-160μg/ml, while and nimesulide was ranged from 5-40 μg/ml .All the selected bacteria were showed sensitivity for all coxib used in this experimental study except Pseudomonas aeruginosa which showed resistant to meloxicam and valdecoxib, Klebsiella pneumoniae resist to nimesulide while Staphylococcus aureus was resist to valdecoxib. The smaller zone of inhibition showed by valdecoxib and celecoxib which was 3mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae, while the larger zone of inhibition showed by nimesulide which was 26mm against Escherichia coli. Conclusions: In conclusion selective cyclooxygenase (cox-2) inhibitor possesses antibacterial activity this is especially for nimesulide and little by valdecoxib. Escherichia coli are sensitive bacteria to all coxib. Consequently; coxib may be regarded as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent especially for urinary tract infection where Escherichia coli are the major causative organism.